The Central Dogma
By the end of the week, I will be able to describe how genes allow for gene expression by reading about the Central Dogma, drawing a diagram and writing a paragraph to go with my analysis.
A. What is the Central Dogma?
Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins.The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression. During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. is made of four simple building blocks, yet it contains all of the information necessary to build an organism. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses.
Information from: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/makingprotein
Information from: http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/howgeneswork/makingprotein
B. What is DNA?
a substance that carries genetic information in the cells of plants and animals
C. What is a gene?
a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is located usually on a chromosome and that is the functional unit of inheritance controlling the transmission and expression of one or more traits by specifying the structure of a particular polypeptide and especially a protein or controlling the function of other genetic material
information from: m&w.comhttp://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gene |
D. Transcription and Translation
Transcription and Translation is when Dna is split in half and every a is paired up with u and the the body uses it to make Protine
E. What is a protein?
Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, esp. as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.
information from: google |